October 11, 2024. Lecture “Fortresses of the Khazar Khaganate”.

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On October 11, 2024, a researcher Muhametshin I.D. delivered a lecture “Fortresses of the Khazar Khaganate” for the visitors of the Bolgar Museum-Reserve. At the lecture, listeners learned about the history of the early Turks and their statehood. The history of the Khazars is closely intertwined with the history of the Bulgars. They subjugated the Volga trade route and many peoples.
To protect the trade routes, the Khazars built cities and fortresses. The most famous of them are Itil, Sarkel, Semender and Belenger. Itil was the capital of the state, a rich city where representatives of different religions lived. Al-Bayda is mentioned in the sources – the place of the Khazar Khagan’s headquarters during the Arab-Khazar wars of VIII century. Al-Bayda appears in later lists of Khazar cities. Mayak settlement was built with the participation of foreign architects who were well acquainted with construction technologies in Transcaucasia, Crimea and Danube Bulgaria. The fortress was a castle of an aristocrat sent by the central government to the frontier of the state. Thus, the fortresses, to which Mayatskaya belongs, to some extent were also castles of feudal lords.
In 965, Svyatoslav, acting in alliance with Oguzes, defeated Itil and Semender. This moment is considered the end of the independent Khazar state.
Twenty people attended the lecture.

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