On June 4, researchers at the Bolgar Museum-Reserve J.G. Muhametshin and I.D. Muhametshin gave a lecture on “Money circulation and coinage in the Golden Horde” to participants of the II International Summer School on the History of the Golden Horde at the Bolgar Islamic Academy. The lecture participants learned about the numismatics of the Golden Horde, which is an important source of information about the history of the Golden Horde in general and the city of Bolgar in particular. The earliest coins are copper and silver coins minted in Bolgar with the name of the Caliph of Baghdad, An-Nasir al-Din Allah. There were also coins minted by the khans of the Great Mongol Empire, Möngke and Ariq Böke, which are found in significant numbers in the cultural layer of the Golden Horde city of Bolgar.
In the second half of the 14th century, the circulation of money in the Bulgar Ulus decreased. Silver began to accumulate in the hands of individual merchants. It was preserved in the form of hoards consisting of 10,000 to 20,000 coins.
In the early 15th century, Bolgar issued a small number of copper coins. These coins have been discovered in Bolgar and the Rybnoslobodsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. They are known from the collections of the State Historical Museum, and there are two coins in the funds of the Bolgar Museum-Reserve.
The audience saw the complex history of the Golden Horde through the lens of coinage. 16 people attended the lecture.