On 22 April 2022, a research associate of the museum and educational department of Bolgar Museum-Reserve Krivosheyeva S. V. held an interactive event on “Alphabet from ancient times to renaissance”.
Civilization became inevitable on that day when our unknown ancestor made a discovery the sense of which is not fully understood by human mind even in our days. He invented the alphabetical writing in which every written symbol corresponded to the sound of speech.
One of the most amazing things in human history is runic writing. Every sign – rune – conveyed not just phonetic meaning but also had a certain sense. It means that it was possible to fix separate units of speech and idioms using runic writing.
In 922, Volga Bulgars officially adopted Islam, and people began to use Arabic graphics. It was inconvenient for Turkic languages. In the beginning of XX century, among Tatars there was a wish to replace Arabic writing with the Latin script. In 1928, new Tatar alphabet was coined. Based on the Latin script, it has been applied in practice during twelve years.
The Cyrillic script appeared in IX century AD when brothers Kirill and Mefody from Thessaloniki started to streamline the script for a Slavic language. In 1939, Tatar writing was converted to the Cyrillic alphabet.
The history of emergence of the alphabet is shrouded in mystery. Only a few facts are known which could be the starting points in the development of this writing system. So, brothers Kirill and Mefody created the Cyrillic alphabet, and it is still in use today in Russia and in some Eastern European states.

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